{"id":8059,"date":"2025-12-22T10:29:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T09:29:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=8059"},"modified":"2025-12-23T10:29:53","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T09:29:53","slug":"une-historienne-sceenne-raconte-la-conquete-de-lalgerie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2025\/12\/22\/une-historienne-sceenne-raconte-la-conquete-de-lalgerie\/","title":{"rendered":"Une historienne sc\u00e9enne raconte la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Article publi\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re fois le 21 novembre 2022 et republi\u00e9 le 22 d\u00e9cembre 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 60\u00e8me<\/sup> anniversaire de la fin de la guerre d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/a> (accords d\u2019\u00c9vian du 18 mars 1962 <\/a>ratifi\u00e9s c\u00f4t\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais par le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum du 8 avril 1962<\/a> et c\u00f4t\u00e9 alg\u00e9rien par le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum du 1er<\/sup> juillet 1962<\/a>) a vu la parution de plusieurs ouvrages d\u2019historiens sur la pr\u00e9sence fran\u00e7aise en Alg\u00e9rie. Parmi ceux-ci, La Conqu\u00eate<\/em><\/a>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, de Colette Zytnicki<\/a> raconte \u00ab\u00a0comment les Fran\u00e7ais ont pris possession de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie entre 1830 et 1848\u00a0\u00bb. L\u2019auteure est une historienne exp\u00e9riment\u00e9e et cela se voit en fin d\u2019ouvrage, avec les 23 pages de notes, les 2 pages de glossaire, les 14 pages d\u2019archives et de bibliographie et les 3 pages d\u2019index de noms de personnes. Une historienne qui s\u2019est efforc\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s d\u2019\u00e9crire pour le grand public. Avec succ\u00e8s, car le livre se lit tr\u00e8s facilement et avec int\u00e9r\u00eat par le lecteur non sp\u00e9cialiste d\u2019histoire ou de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e9sentation rapide du livre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Avant d\u2019aborder l\u2019exp\u00e9dition de 1830 qui initie la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, l\u2019auteure consacre 70 pages \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sentation du contexte. On y comprend d\u2019abord que les Fran\u00e7ais connaissent tr\u00e8s mal le pays qu\u2019ils vont occuper, et qu\u2019ils ne sont absolument pas clairs sur les objectifs de l\u2019exp\u00e9dition qu\u2019ils lancent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce que d\u00e9crit ensuite le livre, c\u2019est une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise pour laquelle il est normal d\u2019aller envahir un autre pays (pour d\u00e9velopper des colonies), de le piller sans vergogne, de s\u2019approprier ses richesses fonci\u00e8res pour y installer des colons, puis de le g\u00e9rer en consid\u00e9rant la majorit\u00e9 de la population comme des individus (on n\u2019ose pas dire citoyens) de seconde zone. Une opinion qui semble faire consensus entre les monarchistes et les r\u00e9publicains, les conservateurs et les lib\u00e9raux ou les saint-simoniens, les catholiques, les protestants et les francs-ma\u00e7ons. On est ainsi surpris de lire que le Consistoire des juifs fran\u00e7ais estime de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re qu\u2019il a des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de civilisation \u00e0 transmettre aux juifs d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie ! L\u2019esprit de 1830 n\u2019est vraiment pas le n\u00f4tre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certes, les modalit\u00e9s d\u2019actions propos\u00e9es diff\u00e8rent entre ceux qui souhaitent une attitude pacifique vis-\u00e0-vis des \u00ab indig\u00e8nes \u00bb et ceux qui ne croient qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019usage de la force la plus brutale. Mais tous estiment sup\u00e9rieure la civilisation europ\u00e9enne, compar\u00e9e \u00e0 celle des Alg\u00e9riens. Quelques-uns vont m\u00eame jusqu\u2019\u00e0 envisager une \u00e9radication totale des habitants (on n\u2019utilise pas encore le mot de g\u00e9nocide).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9flexions de lecteur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lire La Conqu\u00eate<\/em> en pleine guerre en Ukraine conduit assez naturellement \u00e0 un rapprochement. Le gouvernement fran\u00e7ais de 1830 ne se comportait-il pas comme celui de la Russie aujourd\u2019hui, consid\u00e9rant normal d\u2019aller envahir un pays voisin pour accro\u00eetre son territoire et d\u2019y massacrer joyeusement les civils ? Les Fran\u00e7ais n\u2019avaient-ils pas le m\u00eame m\u00e9pris des Alg\u00e9riens que celui manifest\u00e9 par les leaders russes envers les Ukrainiens ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autre remarque : le d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre des forces entre Fran\u00e7ais et Alg\u00e9riens. Ces derniers ont environ 10 fois plus de pertes que les Fran\u00e7ais (environ 900.000 contre moins de 100.000, ces chiffres comprenant des victimes de maladies). La diff\u00e9rence vient, on l\u2019imagine, des moyens techniques diff\u00e9rents (armements, logistique, etc.). Rappelons que les Ottomans ont assi\u00e9g\u00e9 Vienne en 1683, un si\u00e8cle et demi avant le d\u00e9but de la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. Cela illustre la vitesse du d\u00e9veloppement scientifique et industriel de l\u2019Europe \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conclusion de l\u2019auteure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le propos de l\u2019auteure n\u2019est pas pour autant de juger, mais simplement de rapporter des faits, tels qu\u2019ils ressortent des t\u00e9moignages \u00e9crits disponibles. Apr\u00e8s avoir rappel\u00e9 que la cohabitation des populations coloniales et autochtones a dur\u00e9 plus de 100 ans, elle note ainsi en conclusion :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reste \u00e0 vivre aujourd\u2019hui avec ce pass\u00e9. Il nous faut le conna\u00eetre, le partager au sein de nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s respectives et entre les deux rives de la m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. C\u2019est le travail des historiennes et des historiens. On peut ainsi contribuer \u00e0 cet apaisement des m\u00e9moires qui est n\u00e9cessaire pour b\u00e2tir un monde commun, loin des pol\u00e9miques et des appropriations politiciennes de cette histoire \u00ab pleine de bruit et de fureur \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> La Conqu\u00eate est publi\u00e9e chez Tallandier, 350 pages<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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