{"id":8024,"date":"2022-11-16T08:48:05","date_gmt":"2022-11-16T07:48:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=8024"},"modified":"2022-11-16T08:48:07","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T07:48:07","slug":"ilots-de-chaleur-zones-arborees-autour-du-parc-de-sceaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2022\/11\/16\/ilots-de-chaleur-zones-arborees-autour-du-parc-de-sceaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Ilots de chaleur, zones arbor\u00e9es autour du parc de Sceaux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent <\/a>a montr\u00e9 l\u2019importance des arbres pour limiter les ilots de chaleur. Quelle application locale\u00a0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cartographie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le sud de la petite couronne se caract\u00e9rise par un morcellement entre des zones bois\u00e9es, des zones de constructions plus ou moins denses et des situations mixtes. La carte ci-dessous permet de distinguer les diff\u00e9rentes zones. On note les grandes \u00e9tendues bois\u00e9s, mais il faut ajouter les parcelles de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation beaucoup plus petites dans les zones pavillonnaires. A Sceaux, les plus \u00e9tendues sont dans le lotissement Parc de Sceaux (qui d\u00e9borde sur Antony) et dans la r\u00e9sidence des Bas-Coudrais. Mais on observe aussi sur la carte le parc de la M\u00e9nagerie ou le lyc\u00e9e Lakanal. Plus loin, on note les cimeti\u00e8res arbor\u00e9s de Bagneux et de Thiais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Cette carte est l\u2019une des multiples cartes<\/a> de la r\u00e9gion propos\u00e9e par l\u2019Institut Paris-R\u00e9gion<\/a>, dont la pr\u00e9sidente est Val\u00e9rie P\u00e9cresse. Pour chaque ilot, la couleur donne la morphologie urbaine, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019occupation des sols pouvant apporter des effets de chaleur, depuis les arbres ou les pelouses, jusqu\u2019aux constructions plus ou moins denses en passant par le macadam ou les terrains nus. On ne sera pas surpris d\u2019y trouver les arbres en vert (plus fonc\u00e9 s\u2019ils sont denses, plus clair s\u2019ils sont \u00e9pars), l\u2019eau en bleu, les constructions tr\u00e8s denses en gris ou noir, les constructions plus espac\u00e9es en rouge ou brun, plus ou moins fonc\u00e9 selon qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019immeubles ou de maisons, les routes en blanc. Le violet correspond \u00e0 des \u00ab grandes emprises tertiaires \u00e0 b\u00e2ti bas \u00bb. Cliquer sur un ilot donne acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une fiche comprenant une masse d\u2019information sur les effets de chaleur des constructions, de la ventilation de l\u2019ilot, de l\u2019ombrage des arbres ou du r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissement de la lumi\u00e8re<\/a>.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bois et for\u00eats autour du parc de Sceaux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le parc de Sceaux, c\u2019est environ 180 hectares avec une v\u00e9g\u00e9tation vari\u00e9e (pelouses, arbres, sous-bois\u2026). Les habitants des communes limitrophes (Sceaux, Bourg-la-Reine, Antony et Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry) en profitent. Mais ce n\u2019est pas la seule zone v\u00e9g\u00e9tale, en particulier vers l\u2019ouest : dans cette direction, on peut rencontrer la Coul\u00e9e verte, le parc Henri Sellier, le parc de la Vall\u00e9e aux loups et l\u2019Arboretum. Plus loin se trouvent la for\u00eat domaniale de Meudon et le bois de Verri\u00e8res-le-Buisson. Plus au sud, on rencontre les parcs Heller et de la Noisette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parc de Sceaux appartient au d\u00e9partement des Hauts de Seine, \u00e9galement propri\u00e9taire du parc Henri Sellier et de l\u2019ensemble Vall\u00e9e aux loups, maison de Chateaubriand, Arboretum. Le service d\u00e9partemental en charge de ces parcs g\u00e8re plus de 640 hectares sur le d\u00e9partement, ce qui l\u2019a conduit \u00e0 une r\u00e9flexion sur les mesures \u00e0 prendre pour prot\u00e9ger les arbres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le D\u00e9partement a d\u00e9fini des lignes directrices, parmi lesquelles on trouve<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. La diversification de la palette v\u00e9g\u00e9tale (depuis 1999) ;<\/em><\/li>
  2. L\u2019emploi des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s les mieux adapt\u00e9es aux contraintes urbaines ;<\/em><\/li>
  3. L\u2019ad\u00e9quation de la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019espace qui lui est r\u00e9serv\u00e9, en prenant en consid\u00e9ration la taille adulte de l\u2019arbre et son port ;<\/em><\/li>
  4. L\u2019utilisation de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s tol\u00e9rantes \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse, aux p\u00e9riodes de chaleur et aux vents violents ;<\/em><\/li>
  5. La v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation des pieds d\u2019arbre et la perm\u00e9abilisation maximale des surfaces des trottoirs autour de l\u2019arbre ;<\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Les points 1 et 4 sont des moyens parmi d\u2019autres de s\u2019adapter au r\u00e9chauffement. Le point 5 m\u00e9riterait d\u2019\u00eatre adopt\u00e9 par les municipalit\u00e9s : cela permettrait de r\u00e9duire les risques de stress hydriques auxquels sont confront\u00e9s trop d\u2019arbres dans nos rues, avec des zones de recueillement des eaux fluviales (trop ?) petites. Le rapport du d\u00e9partement montre en image ci-dessous l\u2019application de ce principe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Le rapport comprend un paragraphe consacr\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement au r\u00e9chauffement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00ab Le changement climatique appelle \u00e0 une \u00e9volution vers des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 des climats plus chauds, plus tol\u00e9rantes \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse comme le sophora du Japon, le f\u00e9vier d\u2019Am\u00e9rique ou des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s originaires de r\u00e9gions plus m\u00e9ridionales, comme le ch\u00eane de Bourgogne, le micocoulier de Provence, le ch\u00eane vert, le ch\u00eane pubescent. La recherche de diversification des esp\u00e8ces plant\u00e9es sur le D\u00e9partement semble \u00eatre la solution la plus efficace et la plus durable pour permettre de renforcer la r\u00e9silience du patrimoine arbor\u00e9 face au changement climatique et aux pathog\u00e8nes. Elle permet de r\u00e9duire les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la disparition d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce suite \u00e0 des conditions climatiques d\u00e9favorables. Elle permet aussi de limiter l\u2019\u00e9mergence de pathog\u00e8nes et la propagation des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La r\u00e9introduction de l\u2019orme par des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s r\u00e9sistances \u00e0 la graphiose est un exemple d\u2019adaptation face aux pathog\u00e8nes pr\u00e9sents. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    On peut imaginer que le r\u00e9chauffement se traduira par le fait que des arbres autrefois adapt\u00e9s au climat existant ici ne le seront plus demain. Il peut donc dans certains cas \u00eatre plus important de planter au plus vite des esp\u00e8ces mieux adapt\u00e9es pour demain, plut\u00f4t que vouloir conserver de toute force des esp\u00e8ces qui ne le seront plus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tout cela para\u00eet adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la question pos\u00e9e par l\u2019augmentation du nombre d\u2019arbres malades, comme \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9viter les \u00eelots de chaleur. On peut se demander si les municipalit\u00e9s, les offices de l\u2019habitat et les particuliers propri\u00e9taires de jardins sont en mesure d\u2019adopter ces pratiques \u00e0 leur niveau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La lutte contre les ilots de chaleur va plus loin que la seule question des arbres. Ce sera l\u2019objet d\u2019un prochain article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Annexe : l\u00e9gendes de la carte en d\u00e9but d’article<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L\u2019article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a montr\u00e9 l\u2019importance des arbres pour limiter les ilots de chaleur. Quelle application locale\u00a0? Cartographie Le sud de la petite couronne se caract\u00e9rise par un morcellement entre des zones bois\u00e9es, des zones de constructions plus ou moins denses et des situations mixtes. La carte ci-dessous permet de distinguer…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,267,265,263,262,266],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-antony","category-bourg-la-reine","category-chatenay-malabry","category-communes","category-sceaux","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nIlots de chaleur, zones arbor\u00e9es autour du parc de Sceaux - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2022\/11\/16\/ilots-de-chaleur-zones-arborees-autour-du-parc-de-sceaux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ilots de chaleur, zones arbor\u00e9es autour du parc de Sceaux - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a montr\u00e9 l\u2019importance des arbres pour limiter les ilots de chaleur. 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