{"id":6012,"date":"2022-03-01T08:56:57","date_gmt":"2022-03-01T07:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=6012"},"modified":"2022-03-01T09:35:35","modified_gmt":"2022-03-01T08:35:35","slug":"communication-de-guerre-sinformer-quand-meme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2022\/03\/01\/communication-de-guerre-sinformer-quand-meme\/","title":{"rendered":"Communication de guerre : s\u2019informer quand m\u00eame"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine par les forces russes donne lieu \u00e0 une importante bataille de communication. Dans cette bataille, il est toujours difficile de d\u00e9m\u00ealer le vrai du faux, l\u2019important et le n\u00e9gligeable. Par exemple, dimanche, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 affirm\u00e9 que Poutine venait de limoger son chef d\u2019\u00e9tat-major. Cette information a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mentie. Vous voyez la vid\u00e9o d’un drone bombardant une cible : comment savoir si elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise l\u00e0 ou ailleurs, ou m\u00eame si elle ne vient pas d’un jeu vid\u00e9o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La communication sur le terrain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019un des enjeux majeurs est la motivation des combattants. Si vous pensez que votre camp est en train de perdre, il devient plus important de sauver votre peau que de chercher \u00e0 repousser la d\u00e9faite de quelques heures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il semble que le plan de Vladimir Poutine consistait \u00e0 atteindre la capitale en quelques jours, \u00e0 arr\u00eater les membres du gouvernement et \u00e0 mettre en place un gouvernement ami. Les dirigeants russes ont m\u00eame appel\u00e9 l\u2019arm\u00e9e ukrainienne \u00e0 renverser le pr\u00e9sident Zelensky. Ce plan conduisait en th\u00e9orie \u00e0 des pertes mineures pour les envahisseurs. Il reposait sur l\u2019id\u00e9e que les Ukrainiens \u00e9taient divis\u00e9s et peu en soutien de leur gouvernement, que leur arm\u00e9e \u00e9tait beaucoup plus faible que l\u2019arm\u00e9e russe et ne tiendrait pas longtemps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Ukraine r\u00e9siste au contraire. Et toute sa communication a pour objectif de montrer au combattant plus ou moins isol\u00e9 que son combat n\u2019est pas vain, car les autres combattants se battent et se battent efficacement. D\u2019o\u00f9 les discours r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s du pr\u00e9sident Zelensky rest\u00e9 dans la capitale. D\u2019o\u00f9 la mise en avant d\u2019images locales : ici une colonne russe d\u00e9truite<\/a>, l\u00e0 un agriculteur en train d\u2019emmener<\/a> un char\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apparemment le pouvoir russe a une strat\u00e9gie inverse : il donne tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019informations \u00e0 la population sur ce qui se passe. On demande aux combattants d\u2019ob\u00e9ir aux ordres. Et on continue la pratique consistant \u00e0 ne pas pr\u00e9venir les familles si un soldat est tu\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour l\u2019instant, les forces russes sont sur les routes, o\u00f9 elles ont l\u2019avantage. Mais que va-t-il se passer dans les villes ? Si les Ukrainiens r\u00e9sistent avec des armes antichars et autres, les envahisseurs vont avoir de lourdes pertes. Les r\u00e9sistants encore plus, qui vont aussi voir leur pays progressivement d\u00e9truit. Une vid\u00e9o montre<\/a> d\u00e9j\u00e0 des bombardements sur les logements de la ville de Kharkiv. Depuis le Vietnam et l\u2019Afghanistan, on sait que les conflits asym\u00e9triques qui durent sont rarement favorables au plus puissant. Mais qu\u2019ils font \u00e9norm\u00e9ment de victimes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les cons\u00e9quences de ce conflit sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 importantes. Le chancelier allemand, Olaf Scholz, a prononc\u00e9 au Bundestag un discours <\/a>qui marque un tournant dans la politique du pays et o\u00f9 il acte notamment un investissement de 100 milliards d\u2019euros pour \u00e9quiper la Bundeswehr. La Finlande et la Su\u00e8de ont r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 leur droit \u00e0 adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 l\u2019OTAN. L\u2019UE a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 tr\u00e8s vite d\u2019envoyer des armes \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine. Des sanctions \u00e9conomiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises contre la Russie, mais aussi contre ses dirigeants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A suivre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sur Twitter, un sp\u00e9cialiste de l\u2019arm\u00e9e russe<\/a> a donn\u00e9 une liste de comptes<\/a> qu\u2019il consid\u00e8re comme fiables et comp\u00e9tents : journalistes ou experts divers. On trouve notamment dans la liste Michel Goya<\/a>, tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cemment retrait\u00e9 avec le grade de g\u00e9n\u00e9ral : titulaire d\u2019un doctorat en histoire moderne, ancien enseignant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole militaire, \u00e0 Sciences-Po, \u00e0 l\u2019IRIS et \u00e0 l\u2019EPHE, il tient un blog sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9<\/a> dans l’histoire militaire et l’analyse des conflits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur Twitter \u00e9galement, ce compte <\/a>diffuse \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d’informations sur le conflit. Cela l’am\u00e8ne quelquefois \u00e0 diffuser des fakes mais il corrige assez rapidement et le signale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On peut \u00e9galement citer d\u2019autres sp\u00e9cialistes comme Bruno Tertrais<\/a>, directeur adjoint de la Fondation pour la recherche strat\u00e9gique (FRS) et conseiller scientifique aupr\u00e8s du Haut-commissaire au Plan ou encore Thomas Gomart<\/a>, historien des relations internationales, et directeur de l’Institut fran\u00e7ais des relations internationales (IFRI) et enfin Pierre Grosser<\/a>, historien des relations internationales et sp\u00e9cialiste des enjeux mondiaux contemporains. Les trois sont pr\u00e9sents sur Twitter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et pour finir, Anna Colin Lebedev<\/a>, dont la th\u00e8se de doctorat abordait, notamment la place du soldat dans l’arm\u00e9e russe post sovi\u00e9tique. Elle a un site<\/a> et s’exprime<\/a> sur Twitter. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9e par le Monde le 28 f\u00e9vrier.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un bel exemple de la communication con\u00e7ue comme un outil de la bataille, c\u2019est le rapprochement entre les quatre photos ci-dessous, de chaque pr\u00e9sident avec son ministre de la D\u00e9fense, ou les m\u00eames avec plus de monde. On comprend imm\u00e9diatement lequel est le plus proche de ses concitoyens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"\"
Zelenski et son ministre de la d\u00e9fense<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
Poutine avec son ministre de la D\u00e9fense et son chef d’Etat-major<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Poutine en conseil<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Zelensky avec des soldats<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Manifestation \u00e0 Nice le 27 f\u00e9vrier 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nCommunication de guerre : s\u2019informer quand m\u00eame - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2022\/03\/01\/communication-de-guerre-sinformer-quand-meme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Communication de guerre : s\u2019informer quand m\u00eame - 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