{"id":5040,"date":"2021-11-09T12:05:28","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T11:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=5040"},"modified":"2021-11-09T13:10:58","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T12:10:58","slug":"la-ville-du-quart-dheure-ou-le-benefice-collateral-de-la-covid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2021\/11\/09\/la-ville-du-quart-dheure-ou-le-benefice-collateral-de-la-covid\/","title":{"rendered":"La ville du quart d\u2019heure ou le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice collat\u00e9ral de la Covid"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Il semble que le concept de ville du quart d\u2019heure revienne \u00e0 Carlos Moreno, Colombien de naissance et professeur \u00e0 l\u2019IAE[1]<\/a> de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Panth\u00e9on Sorbonne. Dans le langage courant, on dit en parlant de son lieu de r\u00e9sidence : \u00ab Je peux tout faire \u00e0 pied. \u00bb Entre les deux notions s\u2019est immisc\u00e9 le v\u00e9lo, signe du temps. Le quart d\u2019heure de Moreno inclut le v\u00e9lo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 un livre blanc de l\u2019IAE qui situe le concept dans les territoires les plus denses (Sceaux est dans cette situation) et par leur niveau de r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 six fonctions essentielles : habiter, travailler, s\u2019approvisionner, \u00eatre en forme, apprendre, s\u2019\u00e9panouir. Ce qui est concr\u00e8tement entendu par l\u00e0 est donn\u00e9 dans le tableau suivant qui expose les diff\u00e9rents aspects de chacune des fonctions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dans la d\u00e9marche de l\u2019IAE, ces d\u00e9compositions permettent d\u2019affecter des \u00ab notes \u00bb \u00e0 chacune des six fonctions qui, pond\u00e9r\u00e9es par des coefficients, fournissent un \u00ab indicateur de qualit\u00e9 de vie soci\u00e9tale \u00bb. La m\u00e9thode sort largement du cadre de cet article. Nous ne retenons ici que la liste des points qui fixe les id\u00e9es sur ce qu\u2019on pourrait attendre d\u2019un quartier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Car qui dit quart d\u2019heure dit quartier. Autant s\u2019entendre sur ce qu\u2019il devrait id\u00e9alement comporter, pour pouvoir mesurer l\u2019\u00e9cart avec le r\u00e9el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des leviers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour parvenir \u00e0 ce mod\u00e8le, l\u2019\u00e9tude pr\u00e9sente quatre composantes : la densit\u00e9, la proximit\u00e9, la mixit\u00e9 des infrastructures, et l’ubiquit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La densit\u00e9<\/strong> est la condition de possibilit\u00e9, de rentabilit\u00e9 des services ; c\u2019est par elle que la r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9placements est significative ou non. Elle repose \u00e9videmment sur le nombre d\u2019habitants et donc la densit\u00e9 de logements ; elle repose aussi sur \u00ab l\u2019envie de passer plus de temps dans son quartier, \u00e0 y vivre plus en harmonie et \u00e0 retrouver une fiert\u00e9 d\u2019y avoir \u00e9lu domicile. Car cette fiert\u00e9 est b\u00e9n\u00e9fique au quartier\u2009: il nous donne envie de pr\u00e9server le lieu, qu\u2019il soit propre, pr\u00e9serv\u00e9 des vols et des d\u00e9gradations, et nous contribuons \u00e0 cela par notre attitude. \u00bb[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La proximit\u00e9<\/strong> est la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 trouver ce dont on a besoin. Elle suppose que le maintien et l\u2019installation de commerces et services soient encourag\u00e9s. Les hypermarch\u00e9s connaissent un d\u00e9clin qui est prometteur. Dans l\u2019article d\u00e9j\u00e0 cit\u00e9, Marjolaine Koch estime que \u00ab les jeunes, tr\u00e8s connect\u00e9s, pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent se faire livrer plut\u00f4t que de fr\u00e9quenter un centre commercial. Le mod\u00e8le est en train de changer sur plusieurs plans. L\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique mais aussi le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u2019\u00e9clatement familial sont une cause du d\u00e9clin de ces zones. Quand on est une famille monoparentale, on va moins faire de grosses courses. Il y a donc tout un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne sociologique qui contribue \u00e0 vider ces lieux. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La mixit\u00e9<\/strong> des infrastructures renvoie \u00e0 la transformation d\u2019endroits d\u00e9j\u00e0 existants en \u00ab lieux multi-usages \u00bb. Ainsi, \u00e0 Paris, on r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit[3]<\/a> \u00e0 ouvrir les \u00e9coles et les coll\u00e8ges le week-end. \u00ab \u2026les cours de r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation seraient de nouvelles oasis vertes, o\u00f9 se retrouver pour jouer, lire et se d\u00e9tendre. \u00bb. Ainsi, pour Carlos Moreno, une salle de gym le jour pourrait se transformer en discoth\u00e8que la nuit. Des h\u00f4tels se sont mis \u00e0 proposer des offres de coworking en am\u00e9nageant un espace de travail. Les espaces de coworking, eux-m\u00eames, commencent \u00e0 int\u00e9grer des salles de sport ou des lieux de rencontre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ubiquit\u00e9<\/strong>, c\u2019est la capacit\u00e9 que le num\u00e9rique offre en termes de travail \u00e0 distance. Le confinement d\u00fb au covid a fait exploser l\u2019usage de la vid\u00e9oconf\u00e9rence et, ce faisant, la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de responsabilit\u00e9 s\u2019est accrue. La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 faisant loi, il fallait bien faire confiance aux collaborateurs distants. Le management sur la base de projet et non plus de pr\u00e9sence est entr\u00e9 dans les m\u0153urs. Des objectifs sont assign\u00e9s, peu importe o\u00f9 on les r\u00e9alise. Le covid a cet \u00e9gard a induit une sorte de r\u00e9volution dans le fonctionnement des entreprises en permettant un essor sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de la distribution des t\u00e2ches. Si toutes les professions ne sont pas compatibles avec le t\u00e9l\u00e9travail, un nombre tr\u00e8s significatif l\u2019est. Pour les quartiers, c\u2019est une toute nouvelle donne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9mobilit\u00e9<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Des critiques \u00e9voquent un risque de gentrification des centres par l\u2019exclusion des travailleurs vivant au-del\u00e0. Il est vrai que si un quartier est autosuffisant, il cherche moins \u00e0 attirer. Mais pour Moreno, les cit\u00e9s sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragment\u00e9es, et on le suit en se disant que le risque de gentrification est bien moindre que celui de solitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il a form\u00e9 le terme de \u00ab d\u00e9mobilit\u00e9 \u00bb sous lequel on peut glisser bien des interpr\u00e9tations : la r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9placements, la r\u00e9utilisation des lieux existants en les diversifiant et \u2026 (non pas cerise sur le g\u00e2teau mais essentiel) l’attachement des gens \u00e0 leur quartier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au regard de cela, dans une ville \u00e0 taille humaine comme Sceaux, la ville du quart d\u2019heure ne semble pas une utopie. Elle est m\u00eame largement \u00e0 l’oeuvre. Certes les lieux de travail sont pour la plupart \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la commune. Mais sur tous les autres points, le tissu urbain coche d\u00e9j\u00e0 de nombreuses cases, ce qui ne contredit en rien l\u2019existence de belles marges d\u2019am\u00e9lioration et d\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> IAE : Institut d\u2019administration des entreprises de Paris
[2]<\/a> Marjolaine Koch, La lettre du cadre territorial<\/a>.
[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vanityfair.fr\/pouvoir\/politique\/story\/quest-ce-que-la-ville-du-quart-dheure-le-concept-phare-danne-hidalgo-\/10968<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il semble que le concept de ville du quart d\u2019heure revienne \u00e0 Carlos Moreno, Colombien de naissance et professeur \u00e0 l\u2019IAE[1] de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Panth\u00e9on Sorbonne. Dans le langage courant, on dit en parlant de son lieu de r\u00e9sidence : \u00ab Je peux tout faire \u00e0 pied. \u00bb Entre les deux notions s\u2019est immisc\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nLa ville du quart d\u2019heure ou le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice collat\u00e9ral de la Covid - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2021\/11\/09\/la-ville-du-quart-dheure-ou-le-benefice-collateral-de-la-covid\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La ville du quart d\u2019heure ou le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice collat\u00e9ral de la Covid - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Il semble que le concept de ville du quart d\u2019heure revienne \u00e0 Carlos Moreno, Colombien de naissance et professeur \u00e0 l\u2019IAE[1] de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Panth\u00e9on Sorbonne. 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