{"id":41209,"date":"2024-05-30T09:20:46","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T07:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=41209"},"modified":"2024-05-31T09:19:33","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T07:19:33","slug":"georges-szumanski-temoin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/05\/30\/georges-szumanski-temoin\/","title":{"rendered":"Georges Szumanski, t\u00e9moin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Il a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019insurrection de Varsovie et il en porte inlassablement t\u00e9moignage dans des \u00e9tablissements scolaires. Habitant \u00e0 Bourg-la-Reine, il est venu le 26 mai \u00e0 la m\u00e9diath\u00e8que de la ville raconter son parcours avant son arriv\u00e9e en France. Un parcours marqu\u00e9 par ses \u00e9preuves face au nazisme et \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression sovi\u00e9tique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une jeunesse sous le joug de l\u2019occupant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Georges Szumanski vient juste d\u2019avoir 15 ans quand Allemands et Russes envahissent la Pologne dans le cadre du pacte germano-sovi\u00e9tique<\/a>. Sa famille vit \u00e0 l\u2019est de la Pologne, dans une ville occup\u00e9e par les forces sovi\u00e9tiques. La ville deviendra ukrainienne apr\u00e8s 1945. L\u2019URSS y impose imm\u00e9diatement son r\u00e9gime. Pour ce qui concerne les lyc\u00e9ens, il s\u2019agit de l\u2019apprentissage obligatoire du russe et de la r\u00e9vision des livres scolaires (excr\u00e9tions du capitalisme d\u00e9cadent selon l\u2019occupant) et plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u2019un fonctionnement autoritaire. Le portrait de Staline est affich\u00e9 partout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le jeune Georges commettra quelques actes potaches de \u00ab r\u00e9sistance \u00bb, qui n\u2019eurent heureusement pas de cons\u00e9quences. En ao\u00fbt, la famille profite d\u2019une possibilit\u00e9 offerte par les pouvoirs allemand et sovi\u00e9tique pour rejoindre Varsovie. Ils doivent utiliser des faux papiers pour cela. Arriv\u00e9s en zone allemande, les hommes se voient oblig\u00e9s de se d\u00e9shabiller : les soldats allemands cherchent les juifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La zone est plus calme que du c\u00f4t\u00e9 sovi\u00e9tique, mais la terreur s\u2019installe progressivement. Les Allemands confisquent toutes les radios et mettent en place un rationnement : 250 g de pain noir par jour. Les \u00e9tablissements d\u2019enseignement sont ferm\u00e9s, sauf l\u2019enseignement technique. Pour les nazis, les Slaves sont des sous-hommes, ils ne sont bons qu\u2019\u00e0 faire des ouvriers professionnels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Insurrection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Heureusement pour Georges, des enseignements clandestins se mettent en place. Lors d\u2019un s\u00e9jour \u00e0 la campagne, en \u00e9t\u00e9 1941, il d\u00e9couvre le camp de Belzec<\/a>, un camp de travail forc\u00e9 pour les juifs, qui deviendra peu apr\u00e8s un camp d\u2019extermination. En 1942, l\u2019enseignement clandestin lui permet d\u2019entrer en contact avec la r\u00e9sistance, l\u2019AK pour Armia Krajowa, \u00ab Arm\u00e9e de l’int\u00e9rieur \u00bb. Le plus important mouvement de r\u00e9sistance en Pologne est en lien avec le gouvernement polonais en exil en Angleterre. Il se voit affect\u00e9 au service des explosifs et participe r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 des exercices et \u00e0 de l\u2019entrainement \u00e0 la campagne. Il se souvient des risques immenses pris, avec les rafles et les pendaisons qui se multiplient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habitant Varsovie, il est t\u00e9moin de l\u2019enfermement progressif du ghetto juif, puis sa r\u00e9volte le 17 avril 1943. Le soul\u00e8vement est r\u00e9prim\u00e9 en moins d\u2019un mois, les juifs ayant tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019armes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 1er<\/sup> ao\u00fbt 1944, c\u2019est au tour de la r\u00e9sistance polonaise de Varsovie de se soulever (voir ici<\/a>). Georges Szumanski y participe \u00e0 la t\u00eate d\u2019une section de 12 r\u00e9sistants. Au total, ils ont deux fusils et un r\u00e9volver, mais fabriquent des cocktails Molotov. Ce qui est peu face aux Allemands tr\u00e8s \u00e9quip\u00e9s, d\u2019autant que l\u2019Arm\u00e9e rouge n\u2019intervient pas pour soutenir les insurg\u00e9s. Il raconte comment il est bless\u00e9 puis fait prisonnier. Il arrive \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9vader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelques mois plus tard, les Sovi\u00e9tiques mettent en place un gouvernement polonais communiste. Les membres de la r\u00e9sistance int\u00e9rieure sont pourchass\u00e9s. On donne l\u2019ordre \u00e0 Georges Szumanski et son p\u00e8re de rejoindre la France et l\u2019Angleterre. Il finira par rejoindre la France en 1947 et s\u2019y \u00e9tablir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9moignage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 20 ans, Georges Szumanski t\u00e9moigne dans les lyc\u00e9es et les coll\u00e8ges. Ses interventions sont organis\u00e9es par l\u2019association Paroles d\u2019hommes et de femmes<\/a><\/em>, qui fait intervenir des migrants qui se sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s en France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne aussi veut garder la m\u00e9moire des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de 1944. En 2019, Georges Szumanski est l\u2019un des derniers r\u00e9sistants de l\u2019insurrection de Varsovie encore en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un article publi\u00e9 dans BLR Mag de septembre 2023<\/a> (page 33), Yvon Bellec raconte : <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
\n

\u00ab Le jeudi 11 mai 2023, il \u00e9tait re\u00e7u \u00e0 l\u2019ambassade de Pologne pour y \u00eatre \u00e9lev\u00e9 au grade d\u2019officier dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e polonaise. Cette c\u00e9r\u00e9monie t\u00e9moigne de la reconnaissance de son pays de naissance pour ses actions dans la r\u00e9sistance int\u00e9rieure lors de l\u2019insurrection de Varsovie du 1er aout au 2 octobre 1944. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La c\u00e9r\u00e9monie s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e en pr\u00e9sence Monsieur l\u2019Ambassadeur de Pologne en France Jan Emeryk Rosciszewski, Monsieur le Consul Andrzej Szydlo, Messieurs les Colonels Artur Miskiewicz et Marek Chojnacki, Attach\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense , M. le Sergent Major Sylwester Reszka, Mme Jolanta Niedziela Thebault, responsable de la diplomatie publique, culturelle et digitale, Monsieur Patrick Donath  maire de Bourg-La-Reine, sa ville de r\u00e9sidence, de son \u00e9pouse et de ses proches. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Georges Szumanski a \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 f\u00eater son centenaire cet \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 Varsovie. Il t\u00e9moigne de la r\u00e9sistance h\u00e9ro\u00efque lors de l\u2019insurrection de Varsovie. Il participe comme d\u2019autres, de ce devoir de m\u00e9moire dont nos villes ont de plus en plus conscience.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019insurrection de Varsovie et il en porte inlassablement t\u00e9moignage dans des \u00e9tablissements scolaires. Habitant \u00e0 Bourg-la-Reine, il est venu le 26 mai \u00e0 la m\u00e9diath\u00e8que de la ville raconter son parcours avant son arriv\u00e9e en France. Un parcours marqu\u00e9 par ses \u00e9preuves face au nazisme et…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":41211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[265,256],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bourg-la-reine","category-conferences","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nGeorges Szumanski, t\u00e9moin - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/05\/30\/georges-szumanski-temoin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Georges Szumanski, t\u00e9moin - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Il a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019insurrection de Varsovie et il en porte inlassablement t\u00e9moignage dans des \u00e9tablissements scolaires. 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