{"id":40330,"date":"2024-04-02T08:12:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T06:12:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=40330"},"modified":"2024-04-02T08:12:17","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T06:12:17","slug":"le-parc-de-sceaux-sous-le-directoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/04\/02\/le-parc-de-sceaux-sous-le-directoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Le parc de Sceaux sous le Directoire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pendant 3 ans, de 1795 \u00e0 1798<\/a>, le domaine de Sceaux<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00c9tablissement rural national. On y mena des recherches agronomiques, notamment par des croisements d\u2019esp\u00e8ces. Et on envisagea d\u2019en faire une \u00e9cole d\u2019agriculture. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019Agn\u00e8s et Serge Rosolen ont expliqu\u00e9 lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence des Amis de Sceaux<\/a>, le 9 mars dernier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9levage par la science<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A la fin du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, la laine des moutons fran\u00e7ais \u00e9tait de pi\u00e8tre qualit\u00e9 en comparaison de celle des moutons anglais. Pour am\u00e9liorer la production, on d\u00e9cida de r\u00e9aliser des croisements avec des moutons m\u00e9rinos venus d\u2019Espagne. Las, leur toison donnait des fils courts. D\u2019autres croisements \u00e9taient donc n\u00e9cessaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9poque est aux savants. La R\u00e9publique a d\u00e9j\u00e0 unifi\u00e9 les mesures et adopt\u00e9 le m\u00e8tre (d\u00e9fini pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en 1798). Fran\u00e7ois-Hilaire Gilbert<\/a>, ancien \u00e9l\u00e8ve de l\u2019\u00c9cole v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort<\/a>, n\u2019a pas 40 ans, mais il est d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9put\u00e9. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 directeur adjoint de son ancienne \u00e9cole. Il se pr\u00e9occupe d\u2019agriculture et obtient des prix pour diverses publications, dont une concernant les prairies artificielles. Il est envoy\u00e9 en Angleterre pour \u00e9tudier les moutons \u00e0 laine rouge. Il lutte contre les \u00e9pizooties et publie en 1795 Recherches sur les causes des maladies charbonneuses dans les animaux\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est choisi par le gouvernement pour organiser et diriger les \u00e9tablissements agricoles de Sceaux, de Versailles et de Rambouillet, mais les deux premiers sont vite supprim\u00e9s, et Gilbert se consacre au domaine de Rambouillet, surtout consacr\u00e9 aux m\u00e9rinos. (Wikipedia)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le domaine de Sceaux sous le Directoire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le domaine de Sceaux \u00e9tait jusqu\u2019en 1793 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du duc de Penthi\u00e8vre<\/a>. A sa mort, l\u2019\u00c9tat confisque la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 pour en faire en 1795 un \u00c9tablissement rural. En 1798, les difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res du pays (qui est en guerre) conduisent \u00e0 la vente du domaine. C\u2019est donc une p\u00e9riode tr\u00e8s courte que le couple Rosolen a pris le soin de faire vivre aupr\u00e8s d\u2019une cinquantaine d\u2019auditeurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Serge Rosolen, lui-m\u00eame ancien \u00e9l\u00e8ve de l\u2019\u00e9cole d\u2019Alfort, est un chercheur sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en ophtalmologie v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire et compar\u00e9e. Membre de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie nationale de m\u00e9decine, il a publi\u00e9<\/a> il y a quelques mois dans le Bulletin de l’Acad\u00e9mie v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de France un article intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Fran\u00e7ois -Hilaire Gilbert, un v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u00e9fenseur de la cause animale sous le Directoire\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agn\u00e8s Rosolen est conservatrice en chef des biblioth\u00e8ques. Pendant la conf\u00e9rence, elle a longuement expos\u00e9 les sources qui ont permis de mieux comprendre ce que fut l\u2019\u00c9tablissement rural de Sceaux et l\u2019histoire de son directeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce dernier avait l\u2019avantage d\u2019avoir des appuis solides dans les minist\u00e8res. La situation administrative \u00e9tait complexe. Il d\u00e9pendait du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur et plus exactement de sa 4e<\/sup> division, \u00ab Agriculture et commerce \u00bb. Il y avait une commission d\u2019agriculture et un comit\u00e9 de l\u2019agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fin de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les orateurs ont aussi mis en avant les qualit\u00e9s scientifiques de Fran\u00e7ois- Hilaire Gilbert.Sa d\u00e9marche prenait en compte les donn\u00e9es du climat pour am\u00e9liorer la productivit\u00e9 agricole. Elle se voulait aussi p\u00e9dagogique\u00a0: l\u2019id\u00e9e \u00e9tait de pouvoir transmettre \u00e0 tous les paysans les m\u00e9thodes \u00e9labor\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00c9tablissement rural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fran\u00e7ois -Hi<\/a>laire Gilbert<\/a> \u00e9tait \u00e0 la fois un gestionnaire, attentif \u00e0 la vente des r\u00e9coltes (bl\u00e9, orge, avoine, noix\u2026) et un chercheur attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de travaux universitaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La situation locale n\u2019\u00e9tait pas simple. Les paysans locaux avaient pris l\u2019habitude avant la R\u00e9volution de faire pa\u00eetre leurs b\u00eates sur le domaine. Une gravure de 1740 le montre d\u00e9j\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le directeur d\u00e9fend l\u2019id\u00e9e de transformer l\u2019\u00c9tablissement en \u00e9cole. Il y a un manque\u00a0: l\u2019\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure d’agronomie de Grignon<\/a> ne sera fond\u00e9e qu\u2019en 1826. Quand l\u2019\u00e9tablissement est menac\u00e9 pour des raisons financi\u00e8res. Fran\u00e7ois-Hilaire Gilbert d\u00e9fend son bilan. Il est soutenu par son ministre lorsqu\u2019il lui remet un rapport sur le devenir de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de Sceaux. En vain. Le domaine est vendu \u00e0 un nomm\u00e9 Lemoine, qui fera couper les arbres et raser le ch\u00e2teau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence des Amis de Sceaux et la contribution d\u2019Agn\u00e8s et Serge Rosolen aura permis d\u2019\u00e9clairer une p\u00e9riode courte mais riche de l\u2019histoire du domaine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pendant 3 ans, de 1795 \u00e0 1798, le domaine de Sceaux a \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00c9tablissement rural national. On y mena des recherches agronomiques, notamment par des croisements d\u2019esp\u00e8ces. Et on envisagea d\u2019en faire une \u00e9cole d\u2019agriculture. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019Agn\u00e8s et Serge Rosolen ont expliqu\u00e9 lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence des Amis de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":40332,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[256],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-conferences","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nLe parc de Sceaux sous le Directoire - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/04\/02\/le-parc-de-sceaux-sous-le-directoire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le parc de Sceaux sous le Directoire - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pendant 3 ans, de 1795 \u00e0 1798, le domaine de Sceaux a \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00c9tablissement rural national. On y mena des recherches agronomiques, notamment par des croisements d\u2019esp\u00e8ces. Et on envisagea d\u2019en faire une \u00e9cole d\u2019agriculture. 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