{"id":38537,"date":"2024-03-07T11:09:28","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T10:09:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=38537"},"modified":"2024-03-07T11:09:30","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T10:09:30","slug":"sobriete-pour-decarboner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/03\/07\/sobriete-pour-decarboner\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobri\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0pour d\u00e9carboner"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La technique sous diff\u00e9rentes formes (efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, substitution, voire captation carbone) est un moyen efficace et durable de baisse des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. Mais c\u2019est un moyen g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement co\u00fbteux et lent \u00e0 mettre en place. La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 peut fortement et rapidement contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions. Surtout, elle est d\u2019un co\u00fbt nul ! R\u00e9duire sa consommation ne demande pas de grands travaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un exemple r\u00e9cent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fin 2022, RTE a incit\u00e9 les consommateurs \u00e0 limiter leur consommation \u00e9lectrique. La chute des importations de gaz russe mena\u00e7ait en effet l\u2019\u00e9quilibre du syst\u00e8me de production europ\u00e9en. La hausse des prix incitait aussi les consommateurs \u00e0 essayer de limiter leur facture. Il s\u2019en est suivi des efforts de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la part des m\u00e9nages<\/a>, des entreprises comme des collectivit\u00e9s territoriales<\/a>.  La baisse de consommation a \u00e9t\u00e9 suivie semaine par semaine par RTE. Elle est analys\u00e9e dans le bilan pour 2023<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

En 2023, la consommation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en France, corrig\u00e9e des effets m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques et calendaires, a repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 445,4 TWh, soit un recul de 3,2 % par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 la consommation avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint un creux de 460,2 TWh du fait de la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. En 2023, elle se situe 6,9 % en retrait par rapport \u00e0 la consommation d\u2019avant crise (moyenne 2014-2019).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La tendance baissi\u00e8re observ\u00e9e en 2022 et qui s\u2019\u00e9tait intensifi\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de l\u2019automne, au plus fort de la crise, s\u2019est confirm\u00e9e tout le long de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023. Celle-ci a concern\u00e9 tous les secteurs (r\u00e9sidentiel, industriel, tertiaire). La r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une enqu\u00eate en partenariat avec l\u2019institut IPSOS a permis de montrer que cette diminution n\u2019\u00e9tait pas uniquement le r\u00e9sultat de d\u00e9marches de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 volontaires mais d\u00e9coule \u00e9galement d\u2019une r\u00e9action de la population et des acteurs \u00e9conomiques vis-\u00e0-vis de la hausse de prix dans l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019\u00e9conomie.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette diminution prolong\u00e9e de la consommation s\u2019explique d\u2019une part, par une mobilisation continue en faveur des \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie dans les administrations, les entreprises et de la part des m\u00e9nages, avec le lancement d\u2019un second plan gouvernemental en octobre 2023<\/em> .<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Le recul de 3,2% ou 6,9% (selon la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence) sous-estime peut-\u00eatre les efforts faits, notamment parce qu\u2019ils ont commenc\u00e9 au 4e trimestre 2022 pour la premi\u00e8re. Le suivi semaine par semaine a montr\u00e9, pendant l\u2019hiver, des reculs de l\u2019ordre de 7 ou 8% \u00e0 conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques semblables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des efforts difficiles \u00e0 estimer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On peut mesurer des investissements et leurs effets. Il est plus difficile de mesurer les efforts de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 des individus. Combien d\u2019automobilistes roulent aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 110 km\/h <\/a>sur autoroute pour r\u00e9duire leurs \u00e9missions\u00a0? Combien d\u2019actifs ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de troquer leur bagnole pour aller au travail \u00e0 v\u00e9lo\u00a0<\/a>? Il ne fait gu\u00e8re de doute que le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne existe, mais qu\u2019on n\u2019en connait gu\u00e8re l\u2019impact. Surtout, il reste probablement assez marginal. Le mouvement des gilets jaunes a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019une partie importante de la population n\u2019est pas pr\u00eate \u00e0 de tels efforts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sobri\u00e9t\u00e9, ou confort ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le choix du confort observ\u00e9 pour l\u2019isolation<\/a> a <\/a>un impact nettement plus important que le choix de la maitrise de sa consommation \u00e9lectrique en 2023. Tout cela n\u2019est gu\u00e8re encourageant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais peut-\u00eatre faut-il avant tout choisir la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e0 o\u00f9 la technique n\u2019offre pas de vraie solution. Le meilleur exemple \u00e0 ce sujet est l\u2019avion. Aujourd\u2019hui, chaque kilom\u00e8tre de vol par passager consomme environ trois fois moins de carburant qu\u2019il y a quarante ans. Mais le nombre de voyages ayant augment\u00e9 encore plus vite,<\/a> les \u00e9missions augmentent rapidement. Encore l\u2019effet rebond. Airbus profite d\u2019ailleurs d\u2019un produit qui consomme 25% de moins que ceux de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente pour augmenter fortement ses ventes aupr\u00e8s des compagnies a\u00e9riennes. Les carnets de commande d’Airbus d\u00e9bordent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a actuellement de nombreuses recherches pour faire voler les avions sans \u00e9nergie fossile. Mais le r\u00e9sultat n\u2019est pas garanti. Il est possible que seule la diminution drastique des voyages puisse ramener les \u00e9missions du secteur \u00e0 un niveau acceptable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reste qu\u2019on n\u2019arrivera pas \u00e0 l\u2019objectif de z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette sans emmener l\u2019ensemble de la population. Croire qu\u2019il suffit de cibler les plus riches est \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard une illusion. Une \u00e9tude de la Fondation Jean Jaur\u00e8s a ainsi montr\u00e9<\/a> que les \u00e9lecteurs de gauche, a priori les plus ouverts \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9, sont aussi ceux qui prennent le plus souvent l\u2019avion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Mais, ne tombons dans la morosit\u00e9. La fin de cette s\u00e9rie d\u2019articles appelle une note de fantaisie. Pourquoi ne pas lire<\/a> ou \u00e9couter<\/a> Guy B\u00e9art ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet article est le dernier de notre s\u00e9rie. Les autres sont :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9carboner plus vite !<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9carboner plus vite : les perspectives dans l\u2019industrie<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane d\u2019ici 2030.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isoler et d\u00e9carboner les b\u00e2timents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La technique sous diff\u00e9rentes formes (efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, substitution, voire captation carbone) est un moyen efficace et durable de baisse des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. Mais c\u2019est un moyen g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement co\u00fbteux et lent \u00e0 mettre en place. La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 peut fortement et rapidement contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":38603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,258],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-environnement","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nSobri\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0pour d\u00e9carboner - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/03\/07\/sobriete-pour-decarboner\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sobri\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0pour d\u00e9carboner - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La technique sous diff\u00e9rentes formes (efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, substitution, voire captation carbone) est un moyen efficace et durable de baisse des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. 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