{"id":38458,"date":"2024-02-26T09:00:05","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T08:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=38458"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:35:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T14:35:19","slug":"reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane d\u2019ici 2030."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Apr\u00e8s un article g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur la d\u00e9carbonation<\/a> et un autre sur les actions dans l\u2019industrie<\/a>, le pr\u00e9sent article va aborder les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane (CH4). Celui-ci est responsable d\u2019environ un tiers <\/a>du r\u00e9chauffement climatique. Une initiative occidentale vise \u00e0 en diminuer de 30% les \u00e9missions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale d\u2019ici 2030. La COP 28 a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019occasion d\u2019engagements des entreprises p\u00e9troli\u00e8res sur le sujet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De quoi parle-t-on ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9thane est un gaz \u00e0 effet de serre plus puissant que le CO2.  Pour une m\u00eame quantit\u00e9, son effet est 28 fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9. Il est en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 \u00ab sur un horizon de 100 ans \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi cette pr\u00e9cision ? Parce que le m\u00e9thane disparait naturellement dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Il se transforme par r\u00e9action avec le radical 0H. Naturellement mais lentement : on consid\u00e8re qu\u2019il a enti\u00e8rement disparu en 100 ans. Son effet est donc majeur les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de son \u00e9mission, puis diminue progressivement. Sur 20 ans, le potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire du m\u00e9thane sur 20 ans est 84 fois celui du CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On a l\u00e0 une diff\u00e9rence majeure avec le CO2. Si les \u00e9missions nettes de CO2 deviennent nulles, la temp\u00e9rature mondiale ne baissera pas, parce que la concentration dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re persistera au niveau atteint<\/a>. Si les \u00e9missions nettes de CH4 deviennent nulles, la temp\u00e9rature mondiale baissera, parce que la concentration dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re du CH4 diminuera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les concentrations mondiales de m\u00e9thane ont \u00e9t\u00e9 multipli\u00e9es par 2,6 depuis l\u2019\u00e9poque pr\u00e9industrielle. Elles sont pass\u00e9es de 722 parties par milliard (ppb)vers 1700 \u00e0 1895 ppb en 2021 (Wikipedia<\/a>), et 1912 ppb en 2022.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charte de d\u00e9carbonation entre les p\u00e9troliers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On l\u2019a vu dans l\u2019article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a>, la production et la distribution de p\u00e9trole et de gaz s\u2019accompagnent d\u2019\u00e9missions importantes de GES. Les producteurs de gaz et de p\u00e9trole l\u2019ont bien compris. La population fermera les yeux sur les \u00e9missions du scope 3, pour lesquelles elle a une responsabilit\u00e9 majeure. Pas sur les \u00e9missions des scopes 1 et 2  qui sont uniquement de la responsabilit\u00e9 des p\u00e9troliers et gaaziers. La COP 28 se d\u00e9roulant \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, la pr\u00e9sidence de la COP28 et le Royaume d’Arabie Saoudite ont propos\u00e9 aux compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res une charte de d\u00e9carbonation <\/a>des activit\u00e9s de p\u00e9trole et de gaz. Celle vise les \u00e9missions des scopes 1 et 2. Les signataires se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 atteindre des op\u00e9rations nettes z\u00e9ro d\u2019ici 2050 au plus tard, \u00e0 mettre fin au torchage de routine d\u2019ici 2030 et \u00e0 des \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane en amont proches de z\u00e9ro<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Total<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Total n\u2019avait pas attendu cette charte pour agir. Dans son rapport sur l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, on pouvait lire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

TotalEnergies a rendu public d\u00e9but 2019 son objectif de r\u00e9duction en 2030 d\u2019au moins 40 % par rapport \u00e0 2015 des \u00e9missions nettes Scope 1+2 de ses activit\u00e9s op\u00e9r\u00e9es. Au p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de 2015 relatifs \u00e0 nos activit\u00e9s p\u00e9troli\u00e8res et gazi\u00e8res, les \u00e9missions de nos actifs op\u00e9r\u00e9s ont baiss\u00e9 de plus de 29 % par rapport \u00e0 2015, passant de 46 \u00e0 33 Mt CO2e en 2022. En 2022, la concr\u00e9tisation de plus de 110 projets de r\u00e9duction d\u2019\u00e9missions de GES a permis une diminution de 0,8 Mt CO2e sur nos actifs op\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Le r\u00e9sultat de 2022 a d\u00fb sembler trop faible : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00ab En septembre 2022, la Compagnie a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de lancer un plan d\u2019un milliard de dollars US d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de nos efforts en mati\u00e8re d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sur deux ans dont l\u2019objectif est d\u2019\u00e9conomiser pr\u00e8s de 2 Mt CO2e essentiellement sur le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre p\u00e9trolier et gazier. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Rappelons que les \u00e9missions de scope 1 et 2 sont celles li\u00e9es au processus sous le contr\u00f4le de Total. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence change en 2023.Dans le communiqu\u00e9 du 7 f\u00e9vrier 2024<\/a>, l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence devient 2020. Compte tenu des progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s entre 2015 et 2020, l\u2019objectif devient plus ambitieux. Il s\u2019agit de diminuer de 40 % les \u00e9missions entre 2020 et 2030. Il est vrai que les r\u00e9sultats constat\u00e9s pour 2023 autorisent cette ambition. Les \u00e9missions scope 1+2 ont en effet baiss\u00e9 en 1 an de 13% (et m\u00eame de 22% sur le seul 4e trimestre), soit une baisse de 7,2Mt de CO2e sur un an (pour une activit\u00e9 mondiale, il faut le rappeler).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane sont en baisse de 19% sur les installations op\u00e9r\u00e9es (celles o\u00f9 Total est responsable op\u00e9rationnel). Elles sont pass\u00e9es de 42 \u00e0 34 kt de CH4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On parle ici en kt et non plus en Mt. Cela peut paraitre faible si on oublie que le m\u00e9thane a un effet de serre 28 fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que le CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce que Total est en train de faire, d’autres p\u00e9troliers et gaziers peuvent le faire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019o\u00f9 vient le m\u00e9thane \u00e9mis ?<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

On a tendance \u00e0 penser \u00e9levage quand on parle des \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane, mais en 2023 les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es aux activit\u00e9s \u00ab p\u00e9trole et gaz \u00bb ont \u00e9mis un peu plus de m\u00e9thane (1723 vs 1626 Mt CO2e) que l\u2019ensemble du biogaz, qui comprend les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es au b\u00e9tail, aux autres activit\u00e9s agricoles dont le riz, aux d\u00e9charges et aux eaux us\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plupart des solutions \u00e0 bas co\u00fbt<\/a> pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane se trouvent dans les industries extractives, comme la r\u00e9paration des fuites des canalisations de gaz, la limitation des torch\u00e8res des puits de p\u00e9trole et des mines de charbon ou encore l\u2019installation de dispositifs de capture du m\u00e9thane permettant sa revente ou une utilisation ult\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019AIE estime<\/a> qu\u2019environ 70% des \u00e9missions de CH4 li\u00e9es aux activit\u00e9s du secteur de l\u2019\u00e9nergie pourraient \u00eatre r\u00e9duites. En effet, la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CH4 dans l\u2019industrie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re et gazi\u00e8re a un tr\u00e8s bon rapport co\u00fbt-efficacit\u00e9. Sur la base du prix moyen du gaz naturel sur la p\u00e9riode 2017-2021, environ 40% des \u00e9missions de CH4 de ce secteur pourraient \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9es \u00e0 un co\u00fbt net nul car le co\u00fbt de la mise en \u0153uvre des mesures de r\u00e9duction est plus faible que la valeur marchande du gaz suppl\u00e9mentaire r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 des fuites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Initiative m\u00e9thane globale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En 2004, les pays europ\u00e9ens et les \u00c9tats-Unis ont lanc\u00e9 la Global M\u00e9thane Initiative<\/a> (GMI). Celle-ci compte aujourd\u2019hui 155 pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site avance aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019une \u00ab action rapide sur le m\u00e9thane pour maintenir un avenir \u00e0 1,5\u00b0C est \u00e0 port\u00e9e de main<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019objectif est de r\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions mondiales de m\u00e9thane \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030. La page du site d\u00e9taille les financements et engagements qui devraient permettre ce r\u00e9sultat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le programme vise les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la production de gaz, de p\u00e9trole, de charbon ainsi que le biogaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une autre initiative contribue \u00e0 l\u2019objectif de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions. Elle vient cette fois des Nations Unies<\/a>. Il s\u2019agit de l\u2019observatoire international des \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane<\/a>. S\u2019appuyant sur trois satellites,<\/a> il fournit en temps r\u00e9el des donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9cieuses sur les fuites de m\u00e9thane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le site affiche ainsi<\/a> comment, en Argentine, une fuite a \u00e9t\u00e9 stopp\u00e9e apr\u00e8s une observation par satellite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir dira si les objectifs ambitieux affich\u00e9s aujourd\u2019hui seront atteints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prochain article\u00a0<\/a>traitera un autre aspect de la lutte contre les \u00e9missions des GES: la moindre consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie vue sous l\u2019angle de l\u2019isolation des b\u00e2timents.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s un article g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur la d\u00e9carbonation et un autre sur les actions dans l\u2019industrie, le pr\u00e9sent article va aborder les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane (CH4). Celui-ci est responsable d\u2019environ un tiers du r\u00e9chauffement climatique. Une initiative occidentale vise \u00e0 en diminuer de 30% les \u00e9missions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale d\u2019ici 2030.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":38468,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,258],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-environnement","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane d\u2019ici 2030. - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane d\u2019ici 2030. - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apr\u00e8s un article g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur la d\u00e9carbonation et un autre sur les actions dans l\u2019industrie, le pr\u00e9sent article va aborder les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane (CH4). 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Une initiative occidentale vise \u00e0 en diminuer de 30% les \u00e9missions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale d\u2019ici 2030.…","og_url":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/","og_site_name":"La Gazette","article_published_time":"2024-02-26T08:00:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-05-08T14:35:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":573,"url":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Gas_flame.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"G\u00e9rard Bardier","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"G\u00e9rard Bardier","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/"},"author":{"name":"G\u00e9rard Bardier","@id":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/5650e206a121f68c6f5e76379bccfbc4"},"headline":"R\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane d\u2019ici 2030.","datePublished":"2024-02-26T08:00:05+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-08T14:35:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/"},"wordCount":1313,"commentCount":3,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Gas_flame.jpg","articleSection":["Analyses","Environnement"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/","url":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/26\/reduire-de-30-les-emissions-de-methane-dici-2030\/","name":"R\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane d\u2019ici 2030. - 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