{"id":38294,"date":"2024-02-23T09:22:24","date_gmt":"2024-02-23T08:22:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=38294"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:31:10","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T14:31:10","slug":"decarboner-plus-vite-les-perspectives-dans-lindustrie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/23\/decarboner-plus-vite-les-perspectives-dans-lindustrie\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9carboner plus vite\u00a0: les perspectives dans l\u2019industrie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent <\/a>a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 les tendances g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, celui-ci \u00e9voquera le cas de l\u2019industrie. Celle-ci a ceci de particulier que les actions \u00e0 mener pour d\u00e9carboner d\u00e9pendent d\u2019un nombre limit\u00e9 de d\u00e9cideurs. Au contraire la baisse des \u00e9missions dans les transports ou le chauffage des b\u00e2timents d\u00e9pend d\u2019une multitude de m\u00e9nages. Dans l\u2019industrie, les vraies contraintes sont \u00e9conomiques et techniques. On va le voir dans trois exemples fran\u00e7ais, puis on abordera le cas particulier des p\u00e9troliers avec l\u2019exemple de Total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9carbonation dans l\u2019industrie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En France, les \u00e9missions de l\u2019industrie manufacturi\u00e8re ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de 73Mt en 2022, soit 19% du total des \u00e9missions fran\u00e7aises. Elles sont particuli\u00e8rement importantes dans les entreprises de transformation (m\u00e9tallurgie, chimie, agroalimentaire notamment). Dans d\u2019autres entreprises, la consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie est d\u2019abord \u00e9lectrique pour les machines. La question du chauffage des b\u00e2timents ne s\u2019y pose pas tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9remment d\u2019ailleurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trois exemples, dans les industries tr\u00e8s consommatrices d\u2019\u00e9nergies, vont ici illustrer les projets en cours. Attention, les objectifs chiffr\u00e9s sont souvent fix\u00e9s pour une entreprise sur l\u2019ensemble de son p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre et comprennent donc \u00e9ventuellement des \u00e9tablissements situ\u00e9s dans d\u2019autres pays que la France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Premier exemple, Saint-Gobain. L\u2019entreprise annonce <\/a>en 2022 une baisse de 27% de ses \u00e9missions de C02 par rapport \u00e0 2017. Il s\u2019agit ici d\u2019un p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre groupe. Aujourd’hui, l\u2019entreprise vise une diminution d\u2019un tiers <\/a>pour 2030 et la neutralit\u00e9 carbone pour 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2024, Arcelor Mittal a annonc\u00e9<\/a> un investissement de 1,8 milliard d\u2019euros sur son aci\u00e9rie de Dunkerque. Celui-ci doit permettre de faire passer les \u00e9missions de 1,8 tonnes de CO2 \u00e0 0,5 tonne pour chaque tonne d\u2019acier produite. Sur un site qui \u00e9met aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 lui seul 12 Mt de CO2e par an, soit 3% des \u00e9missions fran\u00e7aises. \u00c0 terme le volume d\u2019\u00e9missions passera donc \u00e0 environ 3,3 Mt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dernier exemple:  l’usine Roquette \u00e0 Lestrem fabrique des d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de l\u2019amidon \u00e0 partir de ma\u00efs et de bl\u00e9. Avec 56O Kt de CO2 \u00e9mis, elle fait partie des 50 sites les plus \u00e9metteurs de CO2\u00b2 en France. Elle s\u2019engage <\/a>\u00e0 r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de 40% d’ici 2030. L’ajout d’une chaudi\u00e8re biomasse et de recompresseurs m\u00e9caniques de vapeur va remplir la moiti\u00e9 de cet objectif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On ne peut on d\u00e9duire de ces exemples que c\u2019est l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019industrie qui s\u2019engage. A d\u00e9faut de le savoir plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, on notera une tendance positive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelle d\u00e9carbonation pour Total ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour certains activistes du climat, Total est un symbole \u00e0 abattre, ou du moins \u00e0 emp\u00eacher d\u2019agir.  Croient-ils que si Total arr\u00eatait d\u2019extraire du p\u00e9trole ou du gaz, les voitures des Fran\u00e7ais deviendraient miraculeusement \u00e9lectriques ? Ou qu\u2019aucun autre ne prendrait imm\u00e9diatement sa place ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et si la premi\u00e8re responsabilit\u00e9 de Total \u00e9tait ailleurs ? Les \u00e9missions de GES en br\u00fblant du p\u00e9trole ou du gaz sont bien le fait du consommateur. Mais il y a d\u2019autres \u00e9missions dont l\u2019entreprise est seule responsable : celles li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation, au transport, \u00e0 la transformation et \u00e0 la distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En France, l\u2019industrie du raffinage \u00e9met 7,2 Mt de Co2e, soit un peu moins de 2% des \u00e9missions totales. Ou presque autant que le transport a\u00e9rien national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019analyse d\u2019un communiqu\u00e9 de presse<\/a> de Total Energies sur ses r\u00e9sultats 2023 montre l\u2019ampleur du probl\u00e8me. On y d\u00e9couvre qu\u2019en 2022, les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 de l\u2019entreprise mais hors de contr\u00f4le de celle-ci (le scope 3) \u00e9taient de 389 Mt CO2e. Et que les \u00e9missions sous son contr\u00f4le (les scopes 1 et 2) \u00e9taient de 56,1 MtCO2e. On trouvera ici des d\u00e9finitions des scopes 1, 2 et 3<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00e9missions de scope 3, ce sont avant tout celles li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des produits de Total par ses clients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00e9missions de scope 1 et 2 sont celles directement li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 de Total. En particulier li\u00e9e au raffinage, au torchage et aux \u00ab \u00e9missions fugitives \u00bb (comprenez les fuites de CH4 sur les installations).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de scope 3 d\u00e9pendra avant tout des clients. Total l\u2019anticipe en investissant massivement dans les activit\u00e9s alternatives, notamment le solaire et le chargement en stations-service des batteries \u00e9lectriques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de scope 1 et 2 ne se fera que si et seulement si Total s\u2019en pr\u00e9occupe. <\/a>L\u2019enjeu est important : il suffit de comparer les chiffres des scopes 1-2 et 3 : les premiers comptaient en 2022 pour 14% des seconds !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon l\u2019AIE<\/a>, le torchage conduit dans le monde \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mission de plus de 500 Mt de CO 2e (CO2 + CH4) par an, soit environ 1% des \u00e9missions mondiales totales de GES en 2021 (52,8 Gt CO2e hors UTCATF, plus que le total des \u00e9missions fran\u00e7aises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un probl\u00e8me qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement abord\u00e9 lors de la COP 28 qui se tenait \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, dans un pays p\u00e9trolier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Total dessine en creux un sujet moins connu du grand public que celui du CO2, celui du m\u00e9thane, un gaz extrait par l\u2019entreprise. Il fera l\u2019objet du prochain article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent : D\u00e9carboner plus vite\u00a0!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane d\u2019ici 2030.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isoler et d\u00e9carboner les b\u00e2timents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sobri\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0pour d\u00e9carboner<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 les tendances g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, celui-ci \u00e9voquera le cas de l\u2019industrie. Celle-ci a ceci de particulier que les actions \u00e0 mener pour d\u00e9carboner d\u00e9pendent d\u2019un nombre limit\u00e9 de d\u00e9cideurs. Au contraire la baisse des \u00e9missions dans les transports ou le chauffage des b\u00e2timents d\u00e9pend d\u2019une multitude de m\u00e9nages.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":38303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,258],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-environnement","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9carboner plus vite\u00a0: les perspectives dans l\u2019industrie - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/23\/decarboner-plus-vite-les-perspectives-dans-lindustrie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9carboner plus vite\u00a0: les perspectives dans l\u2019industrie - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 les tendances g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, celui-ci \u00e9voquera le cas de l\u2019industrie. 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