{"id":36515,"date":"2024-01-18T09:04:53","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T08:04:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=36515"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:26:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T14:26:14","slug":"rechauffement-climatique-et-emissions-locales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/01\/18\/rechauffement-climatique-et-emissions-locales\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9chauffement climatique et \u00e9missions locales"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Un article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a> a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019au niveau mondial la croissance rapide des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre a laiss\u00e9 la place en 15 ans \u00e0 une croissance beaucoup plus lente. En France comme en Europe, c\u2019est une nette baisse que l\u2019on observe. Le pr\u00e9sent article fait le point de l\u2019\u00e9volution locale des \u00e9missions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9thodologie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le site du ROSE<\/a> se pr\u00e9sente comme l\u2019observatoire francilien de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. On y trouve de nombreuses informations, d\u00e9taill\u00e9es par communes. La Gazette<\/em> a publi\u00e9 en 2022 <\/a>une analyse des \u00e9missions en 2019 sur 7 villes : Antony, Bagneux, Bourg-la-Reine, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Le Plessis-Robinson et Sceaux. Le pr\u00e9sent article examine les \u00e9volutions dans le temps des \u00e9missions. ROSE affiche des donn\u00e9es pour les ann\u00e9es 2005, 2010, 2012, 2015 et 2019. L\u2019ann\u00e9e 2012, trop proche de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2010 n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prise en compte ici. L\u2019essentiel porte sur l\u2019\u00e9volution entre les deux ann\u00e9es extr\u00eames 2005 et 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Derni\u00e8re pr\u00e9cision : il est question ici des \u00e9missions locales, ce qu\u2019on appelle les scopes 1 et 2<\/a> et non l\u2019empreinte carbone. Par exemple, cela reprend les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de la voiture dans une ville donn\u00e9e, qu\u2019elle soit conduite par un habitant de la ville ou un itin\u00e9rant, mais pas les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule par un habitant de la ville ailleurs que dans la ville. Cons\u00e9quence : les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es au transport routier \u00e0 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry sont importantes car l\u2019A86 y passe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9sultats locaux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

De 2005 \u00e0 2019, la baisse des \u00e9missions<\/a> est de 23% en Ile-de-France, 25% sur la m\u00e9tropole du Grand Paris, 26% dans les Hauts-de-Seine, 23% sur le territoire de VSGP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Localement<\/a>, la baisse a \u00e9t\u00e9 de 24% \u00e0 Bourg-la-Reine, 20% \u00e0 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, 23% \u00e0 Fontenay-aux-Roses et de 27% \u00e0 Sceaux. Une baisse qui s\u2019est faite malgr\u00e9 l\u2019augmentation de la population. Entre 2009 et 2020, la population a augment\u00e9 de 8,7% \u00e0 Bourg-la-Reine, de 6% \u00e0 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, de 5% \u00e0 Fontenay-aux-Roses et \u00e0 Sceaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origines de la baisse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Au niveau de VSGP, la baisse de 23% est le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une baisse de 12,7% de l\u2019\u00e9nergie consomm\u00e9e et du remplacement d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles par de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La consommation r\u00e9sidentielle par logement a baiss\u00e9 de 25,5%. On ne conna\u00eet pas la part des efforts d\u2019isolation et d\u2019un changement de comportement consommateur, mais il est probable que les premiers aient le plus fort impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En revanche, la consommation par emploi a augment\u00e9 de 11% dans le tertiaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La consommation de charbon et de produits p\u00e9troliers a baiss\u00e9 de 42,4 %, celle de gaz naturel de 8,6%, celle d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 2,7%. Pas de surprise : remplacer une chaudi\u00e8re au fuel par du chauffage \u00e9lectrique diminue fortement les \u00e9missions de GES.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La figure ci-dessous montre les consommations par usage et par \u00e9nergie en 2018 pour l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019Ile-de-France. Si l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 vient en t\u00eate des usages \u00ab autres \u00bb (dont cuisson, \u00e9clairage et appareils divers), c\u2019est le gaz qui est de loin la source principale pour le chauffage. Malgr\u00e9 leurs fortes baisses (31% pour l\u2019Ile-de-France), les produits p\u00e9troliers et le charbon comptent encore pour 10 % de la consommation pour le chauffage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Par secteur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sur l\u2019ensemble des 4 villes de Bourg-la-Reine, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, Fontenay-aux-Roses et Sceaux, la baisse de consommation est marqu\u00e9e dans le secteur r\u00e9sidentiel : 30% entre 2005 et 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans les transports routiers, la baisse est un peu plus faible, de 22 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00e9missions du tertiaire augmentent de 14% entre 2005 et 2010, avant de baisser elles aussi. En 2019, elles sont inf\u00e9rieures de 9% \u00e0 leur niveau de 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et demain ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Il y a trois leviers pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de GES. Le premier est l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, permettant d\u2019arriver au m\u00eame r\u00e9sultat avec moins d\u2019\u00e9nergie. Augmenter l\u2019isolation de son logement, c\u2019est am\u00e9liorer la performance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de la fonction chauffage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le second est la substitution qui consiste \u00e0 remplacer une \u00e9nergie tr\u00e8s carbon\u00e9e par une autre qui l\u2019est beaucoup moins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont essentiellement ces deux leviers qui ont permis la baisse not\u00e9e aussi bien sur le territoire VSGP qu\u2019en Ile-de-France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le troisi\u00e8me levier, celui de la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 assez actif en 2022\/2023. Des baisses sensibles de consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es \u00e0 cause du prix du p\u00e9trole. Tr\u00e8s concr\u00e8tement, une partie notable de la population a baiss\u00e9 la temp\u00e9rature de chauffage de son logement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans de prochains articles, nous examinerons ce qui peut \u00eatre envisag\u00e9 dans les prochaines ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9carboner plus vite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les perspectives dans l’industrie<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9duire de 30% les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane d’ici 2030<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isoler et d\u00e9carboner les b\u00e2timents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 pour d\u00e9carboner<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019au niveau mondial la croissance rapide des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre a laiss\u00e9 la place en 15 ans \u00e0 une croissance beaucoup plus lente. En France comme en Europe, c\u2019est une nette baisse que l\u2019on observe. Le pr\u00e9sent article fait le point…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7950,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,265,263,264,266],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-bourg-la-reine","category-chatenay-malabry","category-fontenay-aux-roses","category-sceaux","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9chauffement climatique et \u00e9missions locales - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2024\/01\/18\/rechauffement-climatique-et-emissions-locales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9chauffement climatique et \u00e9missions locales - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019au niveau mondial la croissance rapide des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre a laiss\u00e9 la place en 15 ans \u00e0 une croissance beaucoup plus lente. 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