{"id":2265,"date":"2020-10-22T10:25:51","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T08:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=2265"},"modified":"2020-10-25T13:52:45","modified_gmt":"2020-10-25T12:52:45","slug":"science-et-conscience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2020\/10\/22\/science-et-conscience\/","title":{"rendered":"Science et conscience ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Yuval Noah Harrari, apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la naissance et la croissance de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, termine son chef-d\u2019oeuvre, Sapiens, en \u00e9voquant les futurs possibles de l\u2019homme. Quelle humanit\u00e9 sera pr\u00e9sente sur terre dans un si\u00e8cle: un <em>homo deus<\/em>? Un humano\u00efde? Notre civilisation se sera-t-elle effondr\u00e9e?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une fois encore, l\u2019histoire doit nous aider \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une antiquit\u00e9 riche en d\u00e9couvertes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Au VIe si\u00e8cle avant J.-C. , b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019un climat de libert\u00e9s intellectuelles pour le moins exceptionnel \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, des Grecs ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux mouvements de la terre , du soleil , des plan\u00e8tes , des \u00e9toiles dans l\u2019espace : Thal\u00e8s de la Cit\u00e9 de Millet (celui du th\u00e9or\u00e8me), suivi par Anaximandre, moins connu dans les coll\u00e8ges, puis Pythagore, encore plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre, suivi par Parm\u00e9nide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En un peu plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle, ces hommes apportent des explications \u00e0 ce qui \u00e9tait alors le domaine r\u00e9serv\u00e9 des dieux. IIs observent, expliquent et partagent, aboutissant \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e que la terre et la lune \u00e9taient des sph\u00e8res \u00e9clair\u00e9es par le soleil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils ont surtout contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 lib\u00e9rer la pens\u00e9e et la curiosit\u00e9 scientifique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et pourtant cette libert\u00e9 de penser est interrompue \u00e0 partir du milieu du Ve si\u00e8cle avant J.-C., quand Ath\u00e8nes&nbsp; vote une loi pour condamner \u00e0 mort l\u2019impi\u00e9t\u00e9. On a le droit d\u2019observer les astres et non de chercher une explication \u00e0 leurs mouvements, c\u2019est le domaine r\u00e9serv\u00e9 des dieux. Loi dont Socrate fera les frais, et plus rien ne va \u00e9voluer pendant 2000 ans\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Renaissance apr\u00e8s une longue p\u00e9riode d&rsquo;obscurit\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Au XVIe si\u00e8cle, Copernic annonce que la terre tourne autour du soleil, puis Galil\u00e9e et quelques autres d\u00e9veloppent cette th\u00e9orie aux d\u00e9pens de leur vie pour l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux, (Bruno). L\u2019abjuration de Galil\u00e9e en 1630 devant le tribunal de l\u2019Inquisition reste une date cl\u00e9 de l\u2019histoire de la d\u00e9marche scientifique. Et pour la petite histoire, l\u2019\u00c9glise catholique ne reconna\u00eetra qu&rsquo;en 1822 que la terre tourne effectivement autour du Soleil et le Pape Jean-Paul II fera officiellement acte de repentance au nom de l\u2019\u00c9glise, vis-\u00e0-vis de la condamnation de Galil\u00e9e en\u2026 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019objet de cette r\u00e9flexion n\u2019est pas de pol\u00e9miquer sur les libert\u00e9s religieuses au temps des Ath\u00e9niens ni vis-\u00e0-vis de l\u2019\u00c9glise contemporaine. La question philosophique importante est de se demander quelle doit \u00eatre aujourd\u2019hui notre positionnement intellectuel devant les projets de la science moderne : les biotechnologies, l\u2019Intelligence artificielle, la 5G \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Devons-nous freiner le d\u00e9veloppement scientifique, au nom du respect de l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 humaine, comme l\u2019ont fait les Ath\u00e9niens et l\u2019Inquisition pour des questions li\u00e9es au respect de l\u2019ordre religieux \u00e9tabli? Ou bien devons-nous laisser les scientifiques progresser librement dans leurs recherches?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La solution ne se trouve sans doute pas dans une confrontation aussi basique, mais plut\u00f4t dans la r\u00e9flexion et le d\u00e9bat philosophique sur les valeurs que ces recherches apportent \u00e0 l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour ceux que ces faits historiques int\u00e9ressent, je recommande les deux petits livres de Jean-Pierre Maury, Collection <em>D\u00e9couvertes<\/em> Gallimard, \u00ab\u00a0Comment la terre devint ronde\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0Galil\u00e9e le messager des \u00e9toiles\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yuval Noah Harrari, apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la naissance et la croissance de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, termine son chef-d\u2019oeuvre, Sapiens, en \u00e9voquant les futurs possibles de l\u2019homme. Quelle humanit\u00e9 sera pr\u00e9sente sur terre dans un si\u00e8cle: un homo deus? Un humano\u00efde? Notre civilisation se sera-t-elle effondr\u00e9e? Une fois encore, l\u2019histoire doit nous aider&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[238],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinions","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Science et conscience ? - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comment se positionner par rapport au progr\u00e8s scientifique? Quelle attitude face aux technologies? 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