{"id":2155,"date":"2020-10-14T16:57:04","date_gmt":"2020-10-14T14:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/?p=2155"},"modified":"2020-10-17T19:01:04","modified_gmt":"2020-10-17T17:01:04","slug":"prix-nobel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2020\/10\/14\/prix-nobel\/","title":{"rendered":"Prix Nobel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emmanuelle_Charpentier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Emmanuelle Charpentier<\/a>, fran\u00e7aise, vient de se voir d\u00e9cerner le Prix Nobel de Chimie, qu\u2019elle partagera avec l\u2019am\u00e9ricaine Jennifer Doudna. Ce prix r\u00e9compense leurs travaux pour \u00ab&nbsp;le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;une m\u00e9thode permettant de modifier le g\u00e9nome \u00bb, ce qu\u2019on a appel\u00e9 CRISPR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"284\" src=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle_Charpentier-300x284.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle_Charpentier-300x284.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle_Charpentier-1024x970.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle_Charpentier-768x727.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle_Charpentier.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>Bianca Fioretti, Hallbauer &amp; Fioretti, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Emmanuelle_Charpentier.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">copyright E. Charpentie<\/a>r&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En France ou \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger&nbsp;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout le monde s\u2019en f\u00e9licite, \u00e0 commencer par la ministre de la recherche, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Vidal. Et l\u00e0, hurlements&nbsp;: la r\u00e9cipiendaire a certes \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9e en France, mais a fait toute sa carri\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger (aux USA, en Autriche, Su\u00e8de et Allemagne). Aurait-elle eu les moyens de faire ses d\u00e9couvertes en France&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ceux qui pointent cette question soulignent \u00e9galement que les deux prix Nobel fran\u00e7ais pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esther_Duflo\" target=\"_blank\">Esther Duflo<\/a> en \u00e9conomie et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">G\u00e9rard Mourou<\/a> en physique) avaient fait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger les travaux leur ayant valu le prix Nobel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Depuis la d\u00e9finition au niveau europ\u00e9en de la strat\u00e9gie de Lisbonne, la France n\u2019a pas augment\u00e9 la part du PIB qu\u2019elle consacre \u00e0 la recherche publique, alors que l\u2019Allemagne l\u2019a augment\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le financement de la recherche<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, le mode de financement de la recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9&nbsp;: il repose aujourd\u2019hui sur un syst\u00e8me d\u2019appel \u00e0 projets aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/anr.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\">Agence Nationale de la Recherche<\/a>. Ce syst\u00e8me se propose entre autres de f\u00e9d\u00e9rer des \u00e9quipes diff\u00e9rentes autour de projets reconnus en principe comme innovants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cet objectif est-il atteint&nbsp;? Impossible \u00e0 dire pour le profane. Il est cependant possible de pointer une cons\u00e9quence peu appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e des chercheurs&nbsp;: le temps pass\u00e9 \u00e0 remplir des dossiers, \u00e0 faire de l\u2019administratif plut\u00f4t que de la recherche ne fait qu\u2019augmenter et consomme beaucoup du temps des responsables de labo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019actualit\u00e9 donne l\u2019occasion de montrer que la s\u00e9lection n\u2019est pas toujours pertinente, puisque l\u2019IHU du professeur Raoult a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de financements exceptionnels. Pour finalement servir un discours anti scientifique\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce n\u2019est pas qu\u2019une question de financement&nbsp;!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/monde\/prix-nobel\/video-la-prix-nobel-emmanuelle-charpentier-la-france-aurait-eu-du-mal-a-me-donner-les-memes-moyens-qu-en-allemagne_4133401.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">un entretien<\/a> donn\u00e9 \u00e0 France TV Berlin, Emmanuelle Charpentier est amen\u00e9e \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question sur ce th\u00e8me. Elle souligne l\u2019importance de la mobilit\u00e9 pour les chercheurs&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;J\u2019ai eu l\u2019id\u00e9e qui a men\u00e9 au CRISPR au moment de passer d\u2019Autriche en Su\u00e8de. \u00bb Et elle rappelle que la tendance \u00e0 plus d\u2019administratif n\u2019est pas propre \u00e0 la France&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;Les scientifiques sont d\u00e9bord\u00e9s par des fonctions ou des demandes administratives&nbsp;et manag\u00e9riales qui prennent beaucoup de temps, par rapport \u00e0 la science. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si elle avait travaill\u00e9 en France, Emmanuelle Charpentier aurait-elle \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9e&nbsp;? La r\u00e9ponse n\u2019est pas qu\u2019une question de financement. La d\u00e9couverte porte sur un outil qui rend beaucoup plus faciles les modifications g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. Lesquelles sont encadr\u00e9es par de fortes contraintes \u00e9thiques, quand elles concernent l\u2019homme. Et par des interdits concernant les OGM. Patrick Cohen l\u2019a expliqu\u00e9 dans <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/tv-programme.com\/c-a-vous_emission\/replay\/emmanuelle-charpentier-une-francaise-prix-nobel-de-chimie-c-a-vous-07-10-2020_5f7e66ff3e66a\" target=\"_blank\">son \u00e9dito du 7 o<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cavousf5\/status\/1313889314590412803\" target=\"_blank\">ctobre.<\/a> Sa conclusion&nbsp;: une fran\u00e7aise est r\u00e9compens\u00e9e pour une d\u00e9couverte en partie <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.europeanscientist.com\/fr\/article-of-the-week-fr\/agnes-ricroch-les-applications-de-la-decouverte-demmanuelle-charpentier-ne-sont-toujours-pas-autorisees-en-france\/?utm_source=dlvr.it&amp;utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">inapplicable d<\/a>ans son propre pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sur le m\u00eame sujet, <a href=\"https:\/\/leblogdenathaliemp.com\/2020\/10\/10\/le-nobel-de-chimie-distingue-une-francaise-et-ridiculise-la-france\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">un article de blog<\/a> assez complet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En guise de conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Interrog\u00e9e par France TV Berlin a reconnu \u00e0 demi-mot que ce Nobel n\u2019est pas une surprise. Il faut dire que sa d\u00e9couverte est suffisamment r\u00e9volutionnaire pour qu\u2019elle ait d\u00e9j\u00e0 b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de plus de 20 prix dans le monde depuis 2014&nbsp;! Bravo&nbsp;!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emmanuelle Charpentier, fran\u00e7aise, vient de se voir d\u00e9cerner le Prix Nobel de Chimie, qu\u2019elle partagera avec l\u2019am\u00e9ricaine Jennifer Doudna. Ce prix r\u00e9compense leurs travaux pour \u00ab&nbsp;le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;une m\u00e9thode permettant de modifier le g\u00e9nome \u00bb, ce qu\u2019on a appel\u00e9 CRISPR. En France ou \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger&nbsp;? Tout le monde s\u2019en f\u00e9licite,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":2157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[131,220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avec_image-avant","category-humeurs","entry","simple"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Prix Nobel - La Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sceaux-lagazette.fr\/index.php\/2020\/10\/14\/prix-nobel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prix Nobel - La Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emmanuelle Charpentier, fran\u00e7aise, vient de se voir d\u00e9cerner le Prix Nobel de Chimie, qu\u2019elle partagera avec l\u2019am\u00e9ricaine Jennifer Doudna. Ce prix r\u00e9compense leurs travaux pour \u00ab&nbsp;le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;une m\u00e9thode permettant de modifier le g\u00e9nome \u00bb, ce qu\u2019on a appel\u00e9 CRISPR. En France ou \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger&nbsp;? 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